Treatment participants showed greater improvements than controls on speed of processing, short-term memory, working memory, problem solving, and fluid reasoning assessments. Participants randomly assigned to the treatment group improved significantly more on the primary outcome measure, an aggregate measure of neuropsychological performance, than did the active control group (Cohen's d effect size = 0.255 95% confidence interval = ). Participants in both groups were instructed to complete one approximately 15-minute session at least 5 days per week for 10 weeks.

All participants were recruited, trained, and tested online (N = 4,715 fully evaluable participants). The cognitive training program was compared to an active control condition in which participants completed crossword puzzles.

The present study evaluated an online cognitive training program comprised of 49 exercises targeting a variety of cognitive capacities. Other studies have utilized training periods that were too short to generate reliable gains in cognitive performance. In addition, cognitive training studies typically involve small samples that may be insufficient for reliable measurement of change. Cognitive training research often involves programs made up of just one or a few exercises, targeting limited and specific cognitive endpoints. However, other studies have not shown such gains, and questions remain regarding the efficacy of specific cognitive training interventions. A variety of studies have demonstrated gains in cognitive ability following cognitive training interventions.

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